Question: The nurse is providing education to a patient diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. The nurse will include which signs and symptoms of this disease (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY).
Answer Options:
• tachycardia
• ascites
• cough
• cyanosis
• enlarged liver
• weight gain
Answer: tachycardia, cough, cyanosis
Question: The following are characteristics of restrictive cardiomyopathy EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• dyspnea
• uncommon in occurence
• autosomal dominant genetic disorder
• left ventricular hypertrophy
Answer: autosomal dominant genetic disorder
Question: What criteria should the nurse use to determine normal sinus rhythm for a client on a cardiac monitor? (Select all that apply).
Answer Options:
• The RR intervals are relatively consistent.
• The ST segment is higher than the PR interval.
• One P wave precedes each QRS complex.
• Four to five complexes occur in a 6-second strip.
• The PR interval should be 0.12 to 0.20 seconds.
Answer: The RR intervals are relatively consistent; One P wave precedes each QRS complex; The PR interval should be 0.12 to 0.20 seconds
Question: A patient presents to the provider’s office with brown lines under the fingernails and toenails. Which disease would be suspected?
Answer Options:
• myocardial infarction
• pericarditis
• endocarditis
• myocarditis
Answer: endocarditis
Question: While caring for a client who has sustained a myocardial infarction, the nurse notes eight PVCs in one minute on the cardiac monitor. The patient is receiving an IV infusion of 0.9% NS and oxygen at 2 L/minute. The nurse’s first course of action should be to:
Answer Options:
• increase the IV infusion rate
• notify the health care provider immediately
• increase the oxygen concentration
• administer a prescribed pain medication
Answer: increase the oxygen concentration
Question: Interpret the following arterial blood gas: pH: 7.52 CO2: 46 HCO3- 32
Answer Options:
• respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
• metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
• respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation
• metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation
Answer: (D) metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation
Question: Which of the following types of angina is most closely related with an impending MI (myocardial infarction)?
Answer Options:
• angina decubitus
• chronic stable angina
• nocturnal angina
• unstable angina
Answer: unstable angina
Question: Which of the following signs and symptoms would most likely be found in a client with mitral regurgitation/prolapse?
Answer Options:
• dyspnea
• hypertension
• vertigo
• anxiety
Answer: dyspnea
Question: Dual-chamber pacemakers use one lead in the right atrium and one lead in the right ventricle.
Answer Options:
• True
• False
Answer: True
Question: A patient with a history of heart failure has palpitations and fatigue while getting out of bed to walk to the bathroom. What stage of congestive heart failure does this patient have?
Answer Options:
• Stage 1
• Stage 2
• Stage 3
• Stage 4
Answer: Stage 3
Question: The following are characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• most common form of cardiomyopathy
• poor systolic function
• leading cause of sudden death in children
• increased risk of thrombi
Answer: leading cause of sudden death in children
Question: A patient has a CT scan with angiography and it is discovered that an entire arterial segment is dilated in the basilar artery. This is known as:
Answer Options:
• cardiomyopathy
• myocardial infarction
• CVA (cerebrovascular accident)
• fusiform aneurysm
Answer: fusiform aneurysm
Question: All of the following patients would be at risk for heart failure EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• A 57-year-old male with history of myocardial infarction
• 58-year-old female with a history of alcohol abuse
• 49-year-old male with type Il diabetes
• 62-year-old with a history of atrial fibrillation
Answer: 49-year-old male with type II diabetes
Question: Which of the following characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is true?
Answer Options:
• it is an adverse effect of chemotherapy
• it is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder
• it is the least common cardiomyopathy
• it leads to increased blood flow to the ventricles
Answer: (B) it is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder
Question: The patient is receiving vasopressors for hypotension and has an arterial line placed. The transducer is positioned at the area marked below: This reference point for zeroing an arterial line is known as the [ Select ] and its location is [ Select ].
Answer Options:
(First blank) phlebostatic axis, right mid-axillary line, etc.
(Second blank) 4th intercostal space at the mid-axillary line (level of right atrium), etc.
Answer: phlebostatic axis
4th intercostal space at the mid-axillary line
Question: A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis and asks the nurse to explain the pathophysiology of the disease. The nurse explains that atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms?
Answer Options:
• Plaques obstruct the vein
• Plaques obstruct the artery
• Blood clots form outside the vessel wall
• Hardened vessels dilate to prevent blood flow
Answer: Plaques obstruct the artery
Question: A nurse is providing education on valvular disorders. The nurse would be INCORRECT in stating:
Answer Options:
Answer: “mitral valve regurgitation involves a valve that does not open properly.”
Question: Medication for the treatment for systolic heart failure include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• diuretics
• nitrates
• alpha blockers
• digitalis
Answer: alpha blockers
Question: In which situations would cardioversion be considered for a patient? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Answer Options:
• New-onset atrial fibrillation
• Ventricular fibrillation
• atrial fibrillation unresponsive to medication
• complete heart block
• stable ventricular tachycardia
Answer: New-onset atrial fibrillation, Ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation unresponsive to medication, stable ventricular tachycardia
Question: A patient suffered cardiogenic shock secondary to left ventricular heart failure. Which of the following should be performed to rule out inadequate perfusion to other organs?
Answer Options:
• echocardiogram
• blood glucose level and Hgb A1C
• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
• neutrophils
Answer: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine